水果蔬菜可以预防孕期上呼吸道感染
原文：http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/705979
小顾营养译
July 16, 2009 — Consuming at least 7 servings per day of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) during pregnancy, according to the results of a cohort study reported June 25 in the online issue of Public Health Nutrition.
2009年7月16日，依据一份网上发行的公共健康营养6月25日所报道的的一篇队列研究，每日至少7份的水果和蔬菜摄入可以降低孕期上呼吸道感染(URTI)的风险。
"Pregnant women may require more fruits and vegetables than usual because of the extra demands on the body," senior author Martha M. Werler, MPH, ScD, from the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University in Massachusetts, said in a news release.
马萨诸塞州波士顿大学斯隆流行病学研究中心的资深作家，公卫硕士玛莎·M Werler在一个新闻发布会上说：“由于身体的额外需要孕期妇女可能需要比平时更多的蔬菜水果。”
Werler, along with coauthor Lin Li, from the Department of Epidemiology at Boston University, asked 1034 North American women to report retrospectively on their fruit and vegetable consumption during the 6 months before their pregnancy and episodes of URTI during the first half of pregnancy. Cox proportional hazards models allowed calculation of multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).
Werler以及她的合著者——波士顿大学流行病学院的李林要求1034名北美妇女回顾性报告她们在怀孕前6个月的水果蔬菜消耗以及怀孕前半段的URTI的发作情况。Cox比例危险模型允许多变量修正后的危害比(HRs)计算。
Compared with women in the lowest quartile (median, 1.91 servings per day) of total fruit and vegetable intake, those in the highest quartile (median, 8.54 servings per day) had an adjusted HR of URTI of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 - 1.05) for the 5-month follow-up and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39 - 0.97) for the 3-month follow-up. Intake of 6.71 servings per day was associated with a moderate risk reduction for URTI.
比起蔬菜水果总摄入量在四分位最低组的女人（每日摄取量中位数1.91），5个月随访内那些四分位的最高组（每日摄取量中位数8.54）的URTI修正后危害比为0.74(95% CI,0.53-1.05)，而3个月随访为0.61(95% CI,1.04-0.39)。每日摄入6.71份既可一定程度上降低URTI的风险。
For the 3-month, but not the 5-month, follow-up, there was a dose-related decrease in URTI risk based on quartile of fruit and vegetable intake (P for trend = .03 at 3 months). However, there was no apparent association between either fruit or vegetable intake alone and the risk for URTI at 5 months or 3 months.
根据三个月而非五个月的随访结果显示，水果和蔬菜四分位的摄入量使URTI风险降低呈剂量相关(P for trend = .03 at 3 months)。然而，水果和蔬菜的单独摄入与五月或三月内URTI的发病风险两者之间没有明显关联。
"Women who consume more fruits and vegetables have a moderate reduction in risk of URTI during pregnancy, and this benefit appears to be derived from both fruits and vegetables instead of either alone," the study authors write.
这项研究的作者认为，消费更多蔬菜水果的妇女可在孕期得URTI的风险适度降低，而这一益处似乎来源于水果和蔬菜这二者的共同作用，而非其一。
Limitations of this study include reliance on recall of diet and URTI, possible misclassification of exposure because of the timing of data collection, and possible residual confounding.
本研究的局限性包括对饮食和URTI回忆的依赖、由于数据收集的限制所可能造成的对暴露的错误分类，以及可能残留的混杂因素。
"If diets enriched with fruits and vegetables truly have a preventive or protective effect against URTI in pregnant women, the public health implications may be considerable given that URTI as well as treatments for URTI symptoms may affect fetal development," the study authors conclude. "However, the limitations discussed above make it necessary to replicate our findings through studies specially designed to address this question."
“如果富含水果和蔬菜的饮食可以保护怀孕期妇女，使她们免受上呼吸道感染，那么公众健康指南也许可以被相当多地用于URTI和可以影响胎儿发育的URTI症状的治疗，”研究作者总结说。“然而，上面所讨论到的限制使得复制我们的一些研究发现成为可能，这些研究发现是我们通过专门设计来解决这个问题的。
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