原来，鸡蛋中的胆固醇与蛋白质结合在一起，可形成一种脂蛋白，按颗粒大小，可分为超低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白。前两种可沉积于血管壁上，后一种却有清除血管壁上胆固醇的作用。综合鸡蛋其他的营养成分，对于健康人来说。一日一个全蛋，对健康是有益的。
然而，国外的新研究又表明，高水平的鸡蛋胆固醇摄入（每日）与II型糖尿病风险增加有相关，又该如何看待这一结论呢？
原文见：http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2008/11/18/dc08-1271.abstract （丁香园lisuxizh翻译）
Egg Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men and Women
吃鸡蛋与得糖尿病风险
Whereas egg consumption was not associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke overall, Hu et al. reported a twofold increased risk of CHD for egg consumption of more than one per week among men with type 2 diabetes in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study and a 49% increased risk of CHD among women in the Nurses’ Health Study, compared with intake of less than one per week. Furthermore, we have reported similar findings in U.S. male physicians with type 2 diabetes but not in those without type 2 diabetes (7), suggesting that frequent egg consumption may have negative health effects among individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether egg consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes itself. In animal experiments, a diet rich in fat has been shown to induce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
虽然吃鸡蛋与冠心病和中风没什么联系，但随访研究发现，对于II型糖尿病男性患者，每周吃鸡蛋超过一个，患冠心病的风险增加两倍；护士健康调查研究发现对女性来说每周吃鸡蛋超过一个，与每周吃鸡蛋数量少于一个的人相比，冠心病风险增加49%。而且我们也曾经报道过相近的研究结果对于美国II型糖尿病男性患者食用鸡蛋和冠心病的风险研究，表明日常食用鸡蛋可能对II型糖尿病患者的健康有不利的影响，而对非II型糖尿病患者无明显影响(7)。但是，吃鸡蛋是否增加了患II型糖尿病的风险还不确定。动物实验证实，高脂饮食可以诱导高血糖和高胰岛素血。
In addition, a diet enriched with egg yolk was associated with elevated plasma glucose compared with a control diet in rats (9). Data from the Zutphen Study (10) have indicated a positive association between egg consumption or dietary cholesterol and fasting glucose. However, in a randomized trial of 28 overweight or obese patients on a carbohydrate-restricted diet, consumption of three eggs per day had no effects on fasting glucose compared with abstention from eggs (11). Current data on the effects of dietary cholesterol on serum cholesterol have been inconsistent, ranging from positive associations (2,12) to lack of effect (12–14) and may be partly due to a large variability in individual response to dietary cholesterol (14,15).
另外，与对照组比较，添加蛋黄喂养的大鼠血浆中糖浓度增加(9)，Zutphen研究(10)的数据表明食用鸡蛋（或摄入膳食胆固醇）与空腹血糖之间有相关性。尽管在一项随机试验中，限制饮食的28名超重或肥胖病人每天吃3个鸡蛋，与不吃鸡蛋的相比较空腹血糖值没有受影响(11)。目前为止，关于膳食胆固醇对血清胆固醇的影响文献报道结论并不一致，部分显示有相关性(2,12)而部分显示没有影响(12–14)，这种结果在一定程度上可能是由于不同个体对膳食胆固醇的反应差异较大而造成的。
OBJECTIVE—Whereas limited and inconsistent findings have been reported on the relation between dietary cholesterol or egg consumption and fasting glucose, no previous study has examined the association between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes. This project sought to examine the relation between egg intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in two large prospective cohorts.
研究目的：鉴于关于膳食胆固醇或是食用鸡蛋和空腹血糖的关系存在争议。目前尚无食用鸡蛋和II型糖尿病之间的相关性研究的报道，本项研究试图找到这两者之间的联系。
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this prospective study, we used data from two completed randomized trials: 20,703 men from the Physicians' Health Study I (1982–2007) and 36,295 women from the Women's Health Study (1992–2007). Egg consumption was ascertained using questionnaires, and we used the Cox proportional hazard model to estimate relative risks of type 2 diabetes.
研究方法：在这项前瞻性研究中，采用了2组完全随机的实验数据：包括20703名男性的随访研究（1982-2007）以及吧包括36295名女性的女性健康调查（1992-2007）。食用鸡蛋的情况通过问卷调查获得，并应用Cox 比例风险模型对II型糖尿病风险因素进行分析。
RESULTS—During mean follow-up of 20.0 years in men and 11.7 years in women, 1,921 men and 2,112 women developed type 2 diabetes. Compared with no egg consumption, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.09 (95% CI 0.87–1.37), 1.09 (0.88–1.34), 1.18 (0.95–1.45), 1.46 (1.14–1.86), and 1.58 (1.25–2.01) for consumption of <1, 1, 2–4, 5–6, and ≥7 eggs/week, respectively, in men (P for trend <0.0001). Corresponding multivariable hazard ratios for women were 1.06 (0.92–1.22), 0.97 (0.83–1.12), 1.19 (1.03–1.38), 1.18 (0.88–1.58), and 1.77 (1.28–2.43), respectively (P for trend <0.0001).
实验结果：在平均随访时间分别为20.0年（男性）和11.7年（女性）的两项研究中，有1921名男性和2112名女性发展为II型糖尿病患者，与不食用鸡蛋相对照， II型糖尿病患者每周食用鸡蛋数量分别在 <1， 1， 2–4， 5–6， 和 ≥7时，男性对应的多元校正危害比分别为1.09 (95% CI 0.87–1.37)， 1.09 (0.88–1.34)， 1.18 (0.95–1.45)， 1.46 (1.14–1.86)和1.58 (1.25–2.01)（P<0.0001）；而女性则分别是1.06 (0.92–1.22)，0.97 (0.83–1.12)，1.19 (1.03–1.38)， 1.18 (0.88–1.58)和 1.77 (1.28–2.43)（P<0.0001）。
CONCLUSIONS—These data suggest that high levels of egg consumption (daily) are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Confirmation of these findings in other populations is warranted.
结论：数据显示高水平的鸡蛋胆固醇摄入（每日）与II型糖尿病风险增加有相关，对此研究结果还需进一步的进行验证研究。
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